ro-ro

Ro ro ships are mainly used for transportation vehicles. When loading and unloading, you can get on and off the vehicles by putting down the tail warping (generally, the hatch is 10 meters wide and 5.2 meters high, but the cargo on RO ro ships is generally controlled at 6 meters wide. It is less than 4.8 meters high, because it has to move inside the ship, and there are uphill and downhill

There are 10 layers of decks inside, and the height of each layer can be adjusted (because the car height is different, if it's all cars, the number of deck layers is a little more, and more can be installed. If there are more engineering vehicles, the number of decks will be reduced, and more higher vehicles can be loaded.) now, normal ro ro ships can load four or five thousand vehicles at a time.

The above is about cars. In addition, there is mafi. For goods without wheels, goods can be put on mafi board and towed by Trailer.

Oil tankers and deck barges

Oil tankers are used to pull oil and liquefied natural gas.

The deck barge is directly placed on the deck. This kind of barge is used a little more in the offshore area. It is mainly used to transport port cranes. If you want to go abroad for ocean going, you need to use a semi submersible boat. That kind of boat is too advanced.

Multi purpose ships are generally used for collecting and distributing, but also for rolling and dispersing, which will be used in the more biased routes.

Take a general look at this. It's not commonly used.

2. Introduction of ship owner's route

Southeast Asia: a long voyage of COSCO in Chunan South China Sea

India and Pakistan: Hengxin Youyang kingshping Hongda

Powan: Hongyou (after the U.S. bombed the Iranian officers, it was their family that was sanctioned before, and now Iran runs the most in their family) HTC COSCO Hoya in the South China Sea

Southeast Africa: CPM Germany transport west Africa: CPM Germany transport Taiping Wanbang Haitong

Mediterranean: BPI COSCO long voyage medium wave medium source

Europe: central borek, Messrs. Zhongyuan

North America: AAL

South America: Zhongbo ADP Hongda COSCO G2 Hongfa

Australia and New Zealand: Taikoo Antai AAL Mariana

3. Introduction to the terms

1. FLT clause (full line term), also use hook to hot to indicate Liner terms. The owner is responsible for the loading and unloading costs, which is more for equipment and vehicles

2. Free in line out, the owner is only responsible for unloading and not loading, which is for steel and ton bags of goods

3. The owner is not responsible for loading and unloading. In many cases, bulk cargo charters are used. This is bulk, cement, and fertilizer are more

4. The owner is only responsible for loading and unloading. This clause is rarely used.

These terms are the most basic terms of bulk cargo transportation, of course, if there are many other charterers, such as binding, bedding and other costs.

In addition, CQD, the full name of English custom quick distance, Chinese is in accordance with the port customary speed. It is a term in charter business and is part of the loading and unloading rate clause. Generally, shipowners are not willing to accept this clause because they have to take a lot of risks. For example, the shipowner has to bear the ship's time loss. So the general shipowners insist on a loading and unloading rate. But if the owner or charterer does not know the loading rate or discharge rate, or wants to pass on the risk to the owner, then stick to this clause. However, the shipowner will know the loading or unloading of the port in advance and will consider this factor in the quotation provided.

The term corresponds to determination, which means that under CQD, if the ship period is affected by the goods not ready, claim the loss from the owner or charterer according to determination. CQD is not generally accepted unless the shipowner is familiar with the loading port and route and the goods are attractive and reassured to the renters

Bulk contract is the original contract of Jinkang 94, and the general contract is not allowed to be changed when the owner comes. There is no special additional clause, it is not good-looking, anyway, it is back-to-back.

It is important to note that the Lycan period in the contract can be negotiated with the owner. Otherwise, some shipowners will say seven and eight,

4. Operation flow

The operation process is different from the wharf, which is somewhat different.

After the list is confirmed, the ship owner will be informed of the contact information (ship name and ship code and contract number of the ship representative) after signing the contract. Then the owner will provide the booking letter to the ground agent to order the ship on behalf of the ship. The ground will make ten copies of the order and send it to the shipping agent (at this time, accurate B / L information shall be provided to avoid change, and many guarantees in the bulk carrier) are booked successfully, The shipping agent will give the bill of lading number.

After that, arrange the goods to enter the wharf, discuss the time of arrival with the delivery unit, and make clear lifting points. Let the ground make the plan of entering the port one day before entering the port. The Shanghai wharf shall accept the number. (there are plans for day shift and late shift. If the schedule fails to catch up, it can be postponed and there is time cut-off point). If there is any plan, it is not allowed to. The driver goes to the port and makes small tickets at the dock gate, just like the bank queuing up with the number.

The general driver to the port to think of quickly unloading, most of them have to take back the cargo, if not timely unloading, generally will shout to say that the time to wait. This is often the case in the Spring Festival in the peak season, but it is only 12 o'clock before the arrival of the day when the waiting fee is arrived. Don't wait for an hour or two to say the time.

After the goods are landed, the terminal has information, and the terminal will ship to EDI to the customs, and then it can be declared. When the clearance is completed, wait for the shipping company to inform the ruler, and then make an appointment with the customer whether to go. If you go, you can see if you don't drive. If you drive, you can make an appointment with the ground with the license plate and ID card information. If you don't drive, you can tell the ground to take it with you. If not, when the ruler is hit, let the scene take a picture, and communicate with the customer in time if there is any dimension question.

The rest will be loaded. After the ship is opened, there will be a large receipt to confirm the bill of lading, which is similar to the container. Bulk goods are usually paid for, so some customers have not paid for copy, that is not. After payment, the owner will issue order to the shipping agent, and then take the chief officer's receipt to the ship representative for the bill of lading.

To say, these operations are all in a very sufficient time. If the time is urgent, the ship is already in place, and the goods have not arrived in the port. In this case, special operations are also available. Some of the goods can be delivered to the port when some of the goods arrive at the port, and then the customs declaration will be reported. When the ship is loaded directly after entering the port, the marking company will mark the gauge on the ship. Generally, bulk carriers can be loaded for four or five days, most of them can catch up with them. But the roll on board was soon, and thousands of cars were ready to go in more than ten hours. This is also case-based operation

5. Wharf situation

The wharf is a place where there are many things to do in the whole transportation. After the goods enter the port, some dock workers will arrange the space for them. In the peak season, there is a situation that the space is not enough and they can't land. Sometimes they need to go to the wharf to see the goods. If there is an empty space just loaded on the ship, they have to grab it. Of course, this kind of situation is not very many, sometimes the road is used for goods delivery

This is when barges enter the port. Some goods are too big to go on the road or have a large volume of goods. If the waterway is cheap, they can be barged to the wharf.

The cranes in the wharf usually lift about 35 tons. If they exceed the standard, they will be able to lift more than 30 tons. Normally, there is no need to unload the truck, so it needs to be loaded directly beside the ship. For this kind of goods, try to determine the delivery time and the arrival time of the ship. When the ship has a berthing plan in the port area, it will be sent to the port. Some ships have to wait three or four days at the anchorage, so we should grasp this well, otherwise the customers will complain that there are a lot of ballast charges. Normal pressure three or four days is the best, the money is the factory.

For cargo binding, the ground bell should be welded directly on the deck. Strictly speaking, ultrasonic flaw detection should be used for welding. However, there are too many ground bells to detect one by one. The inspection before shipment is generally acceptable.

If the customer says that they need to do pre shipment inspection, they will take the inspector to the site to have a look. There is no damage on the line. Generally, they can't get on board. They need a boarding certificate to get on board. It's very troublesome to ask the owner to accept the application and then go to the frontier defense office. Generally, if the goods are not very big, they won't get on board

This is the shipment of steel and ton bags. A cross frame is needed between the coils to prevent flattening,

Ro ro ship is powered by the driver to drive directly. For example, if the trailer or mobile crushing station needs to use the tractor head, the interface must be the standard model 50 or 90 interface, which can be pulled up by the car head. Car or crawler type roll on / roll off is the safest. Some cars or excavators have small things such as accessories, which are directly forked onto the RO ro ship by forklift.

In theory, mafi board can pick up more than 200 tons of goods, but generally it can't touch that kind of goods. It's no problem for normal 70-80 tons and 100 tons. Because the operation is difficult, the profit of this kind of goods is relatively high

1. Pallet

Bulk carriers are no better than containers. If you say it, it will take half a year for them to produce. The old quotation may not work. You need to ask about the production progress from time to time, and then update the quotation according to the shipping schedule,

Now the bulk market is more transparent, and a pallet may fly all over the world. Customers will compare prices everywhere. Some shippers may not understand it very well. Like containers, they make two bookings. Finally, they all go to the shipping company and say that they can sign a contract. If the ships on the market are so good, if only one shipowner can go, the shipowner will raise the price. In the end, the gain is not worth the loss